I don’t watch a whole lot of TV, but one of my favorite shows happens to be Seconds from Disaster on National Geographic Channel. The pitch for this show is “See how disasters are caused by a sequence of events locked together in time.” In other words, if something bad happens - it’s an accidents. It takes a few of these things to lead to a disaster.
Though the show is typically about fiery things like TWA Flight 800 and King’s Cross Fire, this current mortgage fiasco is something that follows the recipe from the show. For a while now, I’ve pretty much predicted and tried to explain the coming disaster to anyone who would listen. It was never a matter of “if”, but a matter of “when”.
The signs were there all along:
- Appraisers being told by mortgage brokers what the value of a property should be, instead of the other way around. (Oh, and being blacklisted if they didn’t comply.)
- An unemployed 24 year old web designer acquired $2.2 million dollars in loans to buy ~8 houses - allegedly admitting to committing fraud in national media, but having no consequences.
- A strawberry picker with a $15,000 year income qualified for a loan of $720,000.
- The rise of Negative Amortization loans, where it’s like paying the minimum on a credit card each month. In the Bay Area, this went from 1.7% of all mortgages in 2002, to 28.3% in 2005.
- When the median mortgage consumes 61.2% of a median paycheck (LA) or 48% of a median paycheck (SJ).
- People start saying things like “new economic model” and ”new paradigm“ with regards to real estate.
- Mortgage brokers asking customers how much they wanted to borrow, instead of telling them how much they could borrow (happened to a friend.)
- Sellers requiring that buyers sign contracts to “feed the squirrels” as part of their offers.
- Dramatic rises in house prices, with relatively flat income growth, and decreases in population:
Back in March, I had lunch with Alex, and one of the things we ended up talking about was: “Why are lenders giving out money to such high risk clients?” The answer was the fact that there’s so much money chasing after returns. Or, in other words, “Everyone else is doing it - what are you, chicken?”
Part of the confusion is that a lot of people still think that mortgages are given out the old way: you go to a bank, apply, they tell you how much you can afford, you get the loan, you pay it back to the bank. What’s been happening in the last few years is that mortgage brokers sell you access to a loan, give you a loan, and then sell the loan to lots of individual investors - hedge funds, retirement/pension funds, etc. (Notice that there’s 2 sells in that statement.) Think of it as a big game of hot potato.
And for a while it worked. There was a virtuous circle: lending standards were low, people could get larger more affordable mortgages, home prices would be bid up, paper property values would rise, people would feel richer, people would take out loans on their homes and spend more money, the economy would go up, etc.
Things like these start getting published:

(The latter was written by the then Chief Economist of the National Association of Realtors)
Here’s a graph that shows how much the economy was impacted by Mortgage Equity Withdrawal - e.g. using your home as an ATM:
Everyone’s a winner! Until… they’re not.
Like perpetual motion, eventually something has to give. Eventually interest rates rise, or people with teaser 2% interest rate loans get bumped to 7% and see their monthly payments double/triple, and the virtuous cycle becomes a vicious cycle. The defaults begin. Suddenly all those eager investors buying those loans say “DO NOT WANT“, mortgage companies can’t sell mortgages (and might have to hold them, leading to massive problems), buyers can’t new mortgages to buy, owners can’t get refinances to pay bills, sellers have a bit more trouble selling their homes, people start feeling down and spending less.
Oh - and then it gets worse. Investors really start wondering how bad the problem is, everyone tries to dump all these mortgages toxic or not, everyone starts looking to move to something safe like cash, etc etc etc.
And that’s where we are today.
These are historic times - the central banks certainly have their work cut out for them to find the right balance between preventing the finance market from coming to a complete halt, and preventing inflation. Very interesting times for sure.
I wonder where the next bubble will be.